EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS TO REFLECT SOCIAL SUPPORT ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH IN @GEMMACORRELL’S INSTAGRAM COMMENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70210/amrj.v2i03.85Keywords:
language use, expressive speech acts, Instagram, digital society, mental issuesAbstract
This research was initially prompted by the language used in Instagram to address mental issues in America. American society tends to express the psychological or mental states and experiences on social media, particularly Instagram. Hence, dealing with psychological expressions, this research deployed the analysis of expressive speech acts aimed at identifying the types of expressive speech acts and how they were delivered in communication -strategies. The data were taken from @gemmacorrell’s selected comment section. The analysis resulted in the finding of 7 out of 12 types of expressive speech acts utilization with the most usage order was compliment (39), lament (11), thank (7), congratulate (1), deplore (1), protest (1), and welcome (1). Further, most utterances denoted explicit, direct, and literal strategies without covering implied meanings. Regarding social dimensions, this research found that American society tended to share their problems with unknown virtual relatives, as it can be a signal that ‘real’ humanity is declining to be replaced by ‘virtual’ humanity. It is such an irony because in real life, people seem not to care about each other but in digital reality, they support each other. Hence, the researchers motivate scholars worldwide to initiate advanced studies on the phenomenon of language, social media, digital society, and mental health issues.
References
Aarts, S., Peek, S. T. M., & Wouters, E. J. M. (2015). The relation between social network site usage and loneliness and mental health in community-dwelling older adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 30(9), 942–949. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4241
Armstrong, G., Goyal, S., Dhar, A., Vijayakumar, L., Haregu, T., Singh, L. K., & Jain, S. (2023). The quality of media reporting of suicide news in a high suicide state of India against World Health Organization guidelines: A content analysis study of major newspapers in Chhattisgarh. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 14, 100653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100653
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Clarendon Press.
Barron, K. (2021, January 17). Words for Emotions: How to Describe Feelings in Prose. TCK Publishing. https://www.tckpublishing.com/words-for-emotions/
Borchmann, S. (2018). Utterances as tool-mediated specifications of affordances—Ecological pragmatics. Psychology of Language and Communication, 22(1), 124–163.
Brown, R. C., Bendig, E., Fischer, T., Goldwich, A. D., Baumeister, H., & Plener, P. L. (2019). Can acute suicidality be predicted by Instagram data? Results from qualitative and quantitative language analyses. PLOS ONE, 14(9), e0220623. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220623
Deamer, F. (2023). Do you read me? Speech acts, expressive behavior, and states of mind in rape cases. International Journal of Speech, Language and the Law, 30(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.21000
Faelens, L., Hoorelbeke, K., Cambier, R., van Put, J., Van de Putte, E., De Raedt, R., & Koster, E. H. W. (2021). The relationship between Instagram use and indicators of mental health: A systematic review. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 4, 100121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100121
Fajri, B. A., Windarti, A., Ahdiani, U., & Atmantika, Z. H. (2023). Sad Culture: An Analysis of The US’ Mental Health Issues as Expressed in Social Media. Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies, 10(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v10i2.83832
Griffith, F. J., Stein, C. H., Hoag, J. E., & Gay, K. N. (2021). #MentalHealthArt: How Instagram artists promote mental health awareness online. Public Health, 194, 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.006
Guiraud, N., Longin, D., Lorini, E., Pesty, S., & Rivière, J. (2011). The face of emotions: A logical formalization of expressive speech acts. 1038. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221456289_The_face_of_emotions_a_logical_formalization_of_expressive_speech_acts
Hafner, C. A. (2018). Digital Discourses Research and Methods. In A. Phakiti, P. De Costa, L. Plonsky, & S. Starfield (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Applied Linguistics Research Methodology (pp. 375–390). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59900-1_18
Harvey, K. (2012). Disclosures of depression: Using corpus linguistics methods to examine young people’s online health concerns. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 17(3), 349–379. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.17.3.03har
Howard, P. N., & Parks, M. R. (2012). Social Media and Political Change: Capacity, Constraint, and Consequence. Journal of Communication, 62(2), 359–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01626.x
James, J. E., Dauria, E. F., Desai, R., Bell, A., & Izenberg, J. M. (2023). “Good luck, social distance”: Rapid incarceration and community care for serious mental illness and substance use disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health and Justice, 11(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-023-00238-5
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
Kapp, J. M., Micheas, L., Holmes, S., Stormont, M., & Reinke, W. M. (2023). Prevalence of Poor Mental Health Days and Adverse Childhood Experience Reporting in U.S. Adults Before and After COVID-19. Community Mental Health Journal, 59(2), 233–242. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-022-01001-0
Kent, M. (2010). Directions in Social Media for Professionals and Scholars.
Kim, J., Uddin, Z. A., Lee, Y., Nasri, F., Gill, H., Subramanieapillai, M., Lee, R., Udovica, A., Phan, L., Lui, L., Iacobucci, M., Mansur, R. B., Rosenblat, J. D., & McIntyre, R. S. (2021). A Systematic review of the validity of screening depression through Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat. Journal of Affective Disorders, 286, 360–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.091
Kuharic, M., Sharp, L. K., Turpin, R. S., Mulhern, B., Lee, T. A., Grace Rose, C. E., Monteiro, A., & Pickard, A. S. (2024). Care recipient self-perceived burden: Perspectives of individuals with chronic health conditions or personal experiences with caregiving on caregiver burden in the US. SSM - Qualitative Research in Health, 5. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2024.100398
Lindquist, K. A., MacCormack, J. K., & Shablack, H. (2015). The role of language in emotion: Predictions from psychological constructionism. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00444
Meierkord, C. (2023). Society, Culture and the Speech Act of Praise – Observations from Ugandan English vis-à-vis British English. Contrastive Pragmatics, 21(2). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1163/26660393-BJA10095
Mianawati, R. S. (2013). A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS TO REVEAL NINETEEN SIXTIES AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN’S OBSTACLES IN TATE TAYLOR’S THE HELP [Skripsi, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta]. https://eprints.uny.ac.id/21180/
Mubarok, Y., Sudana, D., Yanti, D., Sugiyo, Aisyah, A. D., & Af’idah, A. N. (2024). Abusive Comments (Hate Speech) on Indonesian Social Media: A Forensic Linguistics Approach. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 14(5), 1440–1449. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1405.16
Norrick, N. R. (1978). Expressive illocutionary acts. Journal of Pragmatics, 2(3), 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(78)90005-X
Oblath, R., Dayal, R., Loubeau, J. K., Lejeune, J., Sikov, J., Savage, M., Posse, C., Jain, S., Zolli, N., Baul, T. D., Ladino, V., Ji, C., Kabrt, J., Sidky, L., Rabin, M., Kim, D. Y., Kobayashi, I., Murphy, J. M., Garg, A., & Spencer, A. E. (2024). Trajectories and correlates of mental health among urban, school-age children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 18(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-024-00712-4
Parker, F., & Riley, K. (2009). Linguistics for Non-Linguists (text only) 5th (Fifth) Edition (5th edition). Allyn & Bacon.
Piatkowska, S. J., Sohoni, T., & Paige, B. (2024). Mental illness, focal concerns, and intersectionality: The relationship between types of mental illness, types of crime, and race and gender in sentencing in state courts. Journal of Criminal Justice, 93. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102227
Picardo, J., McKenzie, S. K., Collings, S., & Jenkin, G. (2020). Suicide and self-harm content on Instagram: A systematic scoping review. PLOS ONE, 15(9), e0238603. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238603
Radovanović, A. (2023). Expressive illocutionary acts and politeness in managerial responses to online hotel reviews. Circulo de Linguistica Aplicada a La Comunicacion, 96, 273–285. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.5209/clac.80532
Radovic, A., Gmelin, T., Stein, B. D., & Miller, E. (2017). Depressed adolescents’ positive and negative use of social media. Journal of Adolescence, 55, 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.12.002
Ronan, P. (2015). Categorizing expressive speech acts in the pragmatically annotated SPICE Ireland corpus. ICAME Journal, 39(1), 25–45. https://doi.org/10.1515/icame-2015-0002
Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173438
Searle, J. R. (1976). A Classification of Illocutionary Acts. Language in Society, 5(1), 1–23.
Searle, J. R., & Vanderveken, D. (1985). Foundations of Illocutionary Logic. CUP Archive.
Thurlow, C. (2017). Digital discourse: Locating language in new/social media. In Handbook of Social Media. Sage. https://www.academia.edu/31483202/Digital_discourse_Locating_language_in_new_social_media
Thurlow, C., & Mroczek, K. (2011). Digital Discourse: Language in the New Media. Oxford University Press, USA.
Turska-Kawa, A. (2011). The (Dis)alienating Function of the Media. The Role of Mass Media in Building a Civil Society. Psychology of Language and Communication, 15(2), 175–201.
Wijana, I. D. P. (1996). Dasar-dasar Pragmatik (1st ed.). https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=208510
Wiwatkunupakarn, N., Pateekhum, C., Aramrat, C., Jirapornchaoren, W., Pinyopornpanish, K., & Angkurawaranon, C. (2022). Social networking site usage: A systematic review of its relationship with social isolation, loneliness, and depression among older adults. Aging and Mental Health, 26(7), 1318–1326. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2021.1966745
Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. OUP Oxford.
Zhang, Z., Song, W., & Liu, P. (2024). Making and interpreting: Digital humanities as embodied action. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02548-3
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Adwidya Yoga, Ni Gusti Ayu Roselani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
