PENTA HELIX COLLABORATION IN BORDER COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF INTEGRATED BORDER POST (PLBN) GOVERNANCE IN SOTA, MERAUKE

Andri Irawan; Nurkholis Syukron

doi:10.70210/amrj.v4i2.242

Authors

Andri Irawan Program Studi Pembangunan Sosial, Universitas Musamus
Nurkholis Syukron Jurusan Ilmu Administrasi Negara, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Musamus

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70210/amrj.v4i2.242

Keywords:

Penta Helix, Merauke, collaborative governance, border community development, integrated border post (plbn), kanum indigenous community

Abstract

Border areas are strategic frontiers for safeguarding national sovereignty, yet border governance in Indonesia has long been dominated by a security-oriented approach. The development of Integrated Border Posts (PLBN) signals a shift toward a prosperity approach, which requires collaboration among multiple stakeholders. This study analyzes the application of the Penta Helix model (Academics, Business, Community, Government, and Media) in the governance of the Sota Integrated Border Post in Merauke, South Papua, on the border between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, observation, documentation, and a review of policy documents, scholarly literature, and media reports. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings show that actor roles are relatively well distributed. The government acts as regulator and infrastructure provider, and local MSMEs and cross-border traders drive the border market. Academics contribute research-based recommendations, and the media expand information reach and destination promotion. The Kanum indigenous community serves as a source of social capital and a channel for grassroots cross-border diplomacy. However, collaboration remains constrained by government dominance, limited participation of MSMEs and indigenous communities in strategic decision-making, weak formal institutional mechanisms, and capacity gaps. The study identifies joint decision-making, consensus building, and formal institutional design as the key determinants of effective collaboration. It recommends establishing a border communication forum, developing MSME business incubation and indigenous ecotourism programs, and strengthening media-based destination branding. This study extends the Penta Helix literature to a cross-border and indigenous community context that has received little empirical attention.

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